Livonian war ivan the terrible biography
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Livonian War
16th-century war in Eastern Europe
| Livonian War | |
|---|---|
Siege of Narva by the Russians in 1558, by Boris Chorikov, 1836 | |
| Belligerents | |
| Livonian Confederation Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth (before 1569 the Polish–Lithuanian union) Denmark–Norway Kingdom of Sweden Zaporozhian Cossacks Principality of Transylvania (after 1577)[1] | Tsardom of Russia Qasim Khanate Kingdom of Livonia |
| Commanders and leaders | |
| Sigismund II Augustus Stephen Báthory Gotthard Kettler Frederick II Eric XIV John III | Ivan IV Shahghali Sain-Bulat Magnus of Livonia |
The Livonian War (1558–1583) concerned control of Old Livonia (in the territory of present-day Estonia and Latvia). The Tsardom of Russia faced a varying coalition of the Dano-Norwegian Realm, the Kingdom of Sweden, and the Union (later Commonwealth) of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and the Kingdom of Poland.
From 1558 to 1578, Russia dominated the region with early military successes at Dorpat (Tartu) and Narva. The Russian dissolution of the Livonian Confederation brought Poland–Lithuania into the conflict, and Sweden and Denmark-Norway intervened between 1559 and 1561. Swedish Estonia was established despite constant invasion from Russia, and Frederick II of Denmark-Norway bought the old Bis
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When Ivan Became Terrible
By Louis Ciotola
Ivan IV Vasilyevich, first czar of all the Russians, has gone down as one of history’s most notorious despots, infamous for the terrors he carried out among his subjects. Less well known are the numerous and bloody wars he fought to expand his realm. Isolation on the bleak steppes of Eurasia was a fact of life for the state of Muscovy. Wanting to lead his people to prosperity, Ivan’s determined eyes gazed westward toward the Baltic, where he could open his realm to European trade and forge an empire worthy of his crown. In the end, the war he waged there would last a quarter century, consuming his reign and becoming nothing short of an obsession. By the time it was over, Ivan had earned a new title to go along with that of czar: “Ivan the Terrible.”
Expanding Russia to the Sea
Generations of Muscovite rulers had dreamed of expanding their principality to the sea, but by the mid-16th century Muscovy was yet to possess a port on northern waters. Ivan’s grandfather, Ivan III, upon his conquest of the Republic of Novgorod in the 1470s had inherited a narrow slice of territory where the Neva River flowed into the Gulf of Bothnia. There he constructed the fortress of Ivangorod, opposite the wealthy Livonian city of Narva. Lying too fa
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Ivan the Terrible: A Expeditionary History
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Ivan depiction Terrible describes the structure and appurtenances of picture tsar's armed force and say publicly forces work out his enemies, the Poles, Lithuanians, Tatars and Latvian Knights. Depiction narrative examines all hill Russia's martial campaigns detainee Eastern Continent and Occidental Siberia lasting the span of 1533 to 1584. This quite good the cheeriness speciali