Biography indulgence luther martinez
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Reformation
16th-century movement in Western Christianity
For other uses, see Reformation (disambiguation).
The Reformation, also known as the Protestant Reformation and the European Reformation,[1] was a major theological movement in Western Christianity in 16th-century Europe that posed a religious and political challenge to the papacy and the authority of the Catholic Church. Following the start of the Renaissance, the Reformation marked the beginning of Protestantism. It is considered one of the events that signified the end of the Middle Ages and the beginning of the early modern period in Europe. The end of the Reformation era is disputed among modern scholars.
Prior to Martin Luther and other Protestant Reformers, there were earlier reform movements within Western Christianity. The Reformation, however, is usually considered to have started with the publication of the Ninety-five Theses, authored by Martin Luther in 1517. Four years later, in January 1521, Luther was excommunicated by Pope Leo X. In May 1521, at the Diet of Worms, Luther was condemned by the Holy Roman Empire, which officially banned citizens from defending or propagating Luther's ideas.[3] Luther survived after being declared an outlaw due to the protection of Elector
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The Protestant Reformation: Martin Luther's Challenge to Church Corruption
ProtestantReformation Presentation created by Robert Martinez Primary Content Source: Prentice Hall World History Images as cited.
Beginning in the late Middle Ages, the Church had become increasingly caught up in worldly affairs. Popes competed with Italian princes for political power. www.paradoxplace.com
Popes fought long wars to protect the Papal States against invasions by secular rulers. They intrigued against powerful monarchs who tried to seize control of the Church within their lands. mybyzantine.wordpress.com
Like other Renaissance rulers, popes maintained a lavish lifestyle. Popes were also patrons of the arts. They hired painters and sculptors to beautify churches. fas-history.rutgers.edu
To finance such projects, the Church increased fees for services such as marriages and baptisms. fantasymedieval.blogspot.co
Some clergy also promoted the sale of indulgences. According to church teaching, an indulgence was a lessening of the time a soul would have to spend in purgatory, a place where souls too impure to enter heaven atoned for sins committed during their lifetimes. mpchristianity.com
Many Christians protested such practices, especially in northern Europe.
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Martin Luther's spiritual routine was skeleton key to description success register the Reformation
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How Luther’s news spread
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